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Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women. [1]
Artemisinin (/ ˌ ɑːr t ɪ ˈ m iː s ɪ n ɪ n /) and its semisynthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. [1] It was discovered in 1972 by Tu Youyou, who shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery. [2]
Dihydroartemisinin is used to treat malaria, generally as a combination drug with piperaquine. [3]In a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, both dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine are very effective at treating malaria (high quality evidence).
Atovaquone/proguanil, sold under the brand name Malarone among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat and prevent malaria, including chloroquine-resistant malaria. [2] [3] It contains atovaquone and proguanil. [3] It is not recommended for severe or complicated malaria. [3] It is taken by mouth. [3]
Artesunate is the first-line treatment for children or adults with severe malaria, [16] [17] [18] usually in combination with another antimalarial drug. There is moderate-quality evidence that treatment with artesunate plus mefloquine is superior to treatment with artesunate plus amodiaquine or artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. [19]
It is approved in the United States as a treatment and preventive measure against malaria. [6] The combination is considered to be more effective in treating malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum than that caused by P. vivax, for which chloroquine is considered more effective, though in the absence of a species-specific diagnosis, the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination may be indicated. [7]