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The 1828 presidential election was the first in which non-property-holding white males could vote in the vast majority of states. By the end of the 1820s, attitudes and state laws had shifted in favor of universal white male suffrage. [9] Maryland passes a law to allow Jews to vote. [10]
Voter participation surged as white male suffrage became nearly universal, [2] and a contemporary record of 42.4% of the voting age population voted for Harrison. [3] Van Buren's loss made him the third president to lose re-election. The Whigs did not enjoy the benefits of victory.
Generally, states limited this right to property-owning or tax-paying white males (about 6% of the population). [14] 1790: The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited citizenship to "free white persons." [23] In practice, only white male property owners could naturalize and acquire the status of citizens, and the vote. [23]
The campaigns were also changed by a general enlargement of the voting franchise—the states began removing or reducing property and tax qualifications for suffrage and by the early 19th century the great majority of free adult white males could vote (Rhode Island refused until a serious rebellion took place in 1844).
The history of the United States from 1815 to 1849—also called the Middle Period, the Antebellum Era, or the Age of Jackson—involved westward expansion across the American continent, the proliferation of suffrage to nearly all white men, and the rise of the Second Party System of politics between Democrats and Whigs.
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Most African-American men remained excluded; though the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870, upheld their voting rights, they were denied the right to vote in many places for another century until the Civil Rights Movement gained passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 through Congress.
Expanded suffrage – The Jacksonians believed that voting rights should be extended to all white men. By the end of the 1820s, attitudes and state laws had shifted in favor of universal white male suffrage [19] and by 1856 all requirements to own property and nearly all requirements to pay taxes had been dropped. [20] [21]