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A network solid or covalent network solid (also called atomic crystalline solids or giant covalent structures) [1] [2] is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material.
Solids can be classified according to the nature of the bonding between their atomic or molecular components. The traditional classification distinguishes four kinds of bonding: [1] Covalent bonding, which forms network covalent solids (sometimes called simply "covalent solids") Ionic bonding, which forms ionic solids
Molecular solids can be either ductile or brittle, or a combination depending on the crystal face stressed. [5] [11] Both ductile and brittle solids undergo elastic deformation till they reach the yield stress. [8] [11] Once the yield stress is reached, ductile solids undergo a period of plastic deformation and eventually fracture. Brittle ...
A crystalline solid: atomic resolution image of strontium titanate.Brighter spots are columns of strontium atoms and darker ones are titanium-oxygen columns. Octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites in a face centered cubic structure Kikuchi lines in an electron backscatter diffraction pattern of monocrystalline silicon, taken at 20 kV with a field-emission electron source
Chain-melted state: Metals, such as potassium, at high temperature and pressure, present properties of both a solid and liquid. Wigner crystal: a crystalline phase of low-density electrons. Hexatic state, a state of matter that is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. Ferroics
This tunneling splits the atomic orbitals into molecular orbitals with different energies. [2]: 117–122 Similarly, if a large number N of identical atoms come together to form a solid, such as a crystal lattice, the atoms' atomic orbitals overlap with the nearby orbitals. [3]
The atomic packing factor is the proportion of space filled by these spheres which can be worked out by calculating the total volume of the spheres and dividing by the volume of the cell as follows: A P F = N p a r t i c l e V p a r t i c l e V unit cell {\displaystyle \mathrm {APF} ={\frac {N_{\mathrm {particle} }V_{\mathrm {particle} }}{V ...
Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. Thus, solid-state physics forms a theoretical basis of materials science. Along with solid-state chemistry, it also has direct applications in the technology of transistors and semiconductors.