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The perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules, [1]: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals. The flowers are usually hermaphroditic — maize being an important exception — and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role.
1. In flowering plants, a ring of structures that may be united in a tube, arising from the corolla or perianth of a flower and standing between the perianth lobes and the stamen s. The trumpet of a daffodil is a corona. 2. In grasses, a hardened ring of tissue surmounting the lemma in some species. cortex. pl. cortexes or cortices
The perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules, [8]: 11 that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals. The fruit of grasses is a caryopsis , in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall.
Some bracts are brightly coloured and serve the function of attracting pollinators, either together with the perianth or instead of it. Examples of this type of bract include those of Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia) and Bougainvillea: both of these have large colourful bracts surrounding much smaller, less colourful flowers.
In grasses, two bracts known as "glumes" form the lowermost organs of a spikelet (there are usually two but one is sometimes reduced; or rarely, both are absent). [1] Glumes may be similar in form to the lemmas, the bracts at the base of each floret. In sedges, by contrast, a glume is a scale at the base of each flower in a spikelet. [2]
A mature flower. In this example, the perianth is separated into a calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone.
Irregularities in floral symmetry in these cases involve the perianth and androcecium. The perianth almost always has a distinct calyx and corolla. However, the corolla may be absent, in which case the perianth is said to be sepaline, as occurs in dozens of cesalpinioid genera. The calyx has 5 sepals (rarely 3 or 6) arranged in a single cycle ...
The terminal inflorescence is either a single erect spikelet or multiple spikelets on peduncles of various lengths. In the case of multiple spikelets, the inflorescence is subtended by one or more leaf-like bracts. Individual flowers have 10 or more smooth perianth bristles that greatly elongate and remain attached to the achene during