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An imperial guard or palace guard is a special group of troops (or a member thereof) of an empire, typically closely associated directly with the emperor and/or empress. Usually these troops embody a more elite status than other imperial forces, including the regular armed forces , and maintain special rights, privileges and traditions.
The Imperial Guard was created at the start of the First Empire by imperial decree on July 29, 1804, replacing the Consular Guard.It initially comprised three cavalry units: the régiment des mounted chasseurs, the mounted grenadier regiment, and the mameluk company (attached to the mounted chasseurs).
Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard General Nicolas Dahlmann who died at the battle of Eylau, leading the Chasseurs of the Guard. When at the end of August 1799 Bonaparte left Egypt to return to France, he took with him a detachment of 180 Guides à cheval and 125 Guides à pied. The men chosen were the most devoted veterans from each company.
The Old Guard cavalry was involved in the unsuccessful midday charges against the British infantry, and was unavailable at the battle's decisive moments. In August 1815, Louis XVIII ordered the Imperial Guard abolished. By December, all the Old Guard regiments were disbanded. Ex-guardsmen ended up in a variety of places after their units ...
The Imperial Guard had its own train, which expanded as La Garde's artillery park was increased, albeit organised as regiments rather than battalions. At their zenith, in 1813–14, the Old Guard artillery was supported by a 12-company regiment while the Young Guard had a 16-company regiment, one for each of their component artillery batteries.
In 1810 the unit was incorporated into the Imperial Guard within the Middle Guard as the 2nd Regiment of Foot Grenadiers (2 e Régiment de Grenadiers-à-Pied de la Garde Impériale). It was disbanded 15 February 1813 after certain issues with staff and personnel, however was re-raised on 8 April 1815 to the replace the Fusilier-Grenadiers de la ...
The Guard took up the traditions of the first Imperial Guard, formed in 1804 by Napoleon I and disbanded in 1815. The Guard's cavalry, originally made up of two regiments - cuirassiers and guides - was gradually expanded to include new units. On December 20, 1855, an imperial decree created four additional cavalry regiments, including the ...
The Guard artillery was placed under the command of a division general, who held the title of colonel commandant; the horse artillery, the foot artillery of the Old Guard (created in 1808), the Young Guard (Jeune Garde, created in 1813) and the artillery train regiment were each placed under the command of a brigadier general (or colonel), who ...