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In full sun, the crown is conical in overall shape, with whorled branches. But in subcanopy shade, the tree may grow leaning and sometimes multi-stem. The species has a taproot. The bark is thin, from 0.8–1.3 cm on mature trees. The leaves are needle-like, stiff, sharp-pointed, 3–8 cm (1–3 in) long [3] and persisting for many years. They ...
California also has 1,023 species of non-native plants, some now problematic invasive species such as yellow starthistle, that were introduced during the Spanish colonization, the California Gold Rush, and subsequent immigrations and import trading of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
Shade-tolerant species are species that are able to thrive in the shade, and in the presence of natural competition by other plants. Shade-intolerant species require full sunlight and little or no competition. Intermediate shade-tolerant trees fall somewhere in between the two.
Other widespread shrubs and trees include chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), black sage (Salvia mellifera), coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica), buckthorn (Rhamnus crocea), and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). This habitat is often found near closed-cone conifer forests and woodlands. [6]
Cercis occidentalis is a deciduous shrub to small tree, growing up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall. The largest individual is in Santa Rosa and is 8.8 metres (29 ft) high. Its crown is rounded on clustered, erect branches to a width of 10–20 feet (3.0–6.1 m).
The California juniper is closely related to the Utah juniper (J. osteosperma) from further east, which shares the stout shoots and relatively large cones, but differs in that Utah juniper is largely monoecious. Its cones take longer to mature (two growing seasons), and it is also markedly more cold-tolerant. [citation needed]