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The Great Turkish War (German: Großer Türkenkrieg) or The Last Crusade, [6] also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years [7] (Turkish: Felaket Seneleri), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and the Kingdom of Hungary.
The Holy League (Latin: Sacra Ligua) was a coalition of Christian European nations formed during the Great Turkish War.Born out of the Treaty of Warsaw, it was founded as a means to prevent further expansion of the Ottoman Empire into Europe.
The Holy League established in 1594 by Pope Clement VIII was a military alliance of predominantly Christian European countries (Holy League) aimed against the Ottoman Empire during the Long War (1591–1606). The aim of this alliance was to drive the Ottoman Empire out of Europe [1] The coalition was led by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. [2]
Venice, fearing the loss of its Dalmatian possessions and a possible invasion of Friuli, and eager to cut its losses and resume the trade with the Ottoman Empire, initiated unilateral negotiations with the Porte. [60] The Holy League was disbanded with the peace treaty of 7 March 1573, which concluded the War of Cyprus. Venice was forced to ...
Holy League (1594), a military alliance of Christian countries against the Ottoman Empire; Holy League (1684), composed of the Holy Roman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Venice and Russia against the Ottoman Empire; Holy League (1717), an alliance of the Papal States, Portugal, Venice and Malta against the Ottoman Empire
In 1573, the Holy League fleet failed to sail altogether; instead, Don John attacked and took Tunis, only for it to be retaken by the Ottomans in 1574. Venice, fearing the loss of her Dalmatian possessions and a possible invasion of Friuli , and eager to cut her losses and resume the trade with the Ottoman Empire, initiated unilateral ...
The position of the Holy League armies (north), the besieged Vienna (middle), and the Ottoman army (between Vienna and Holy League armies) during the battle. The battle started before all units were fully deployed. At 4:00 am on 12 September, the Ottoman army attacked, seeking to interfere with the deployment of Holy League troops.
A new Holy League was initiated by Pope Innocent XI and encompassed the Holy Roman Empire (headed by Habsburg Austria), the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684, joined by Tsarist Russia in 1686. Ottomans suffered two decisive defeats against the Holy Roman Empire: the second Battle of Mohács in 1687 and a decade later, in 1697, the battle of ...