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Invasive GBS infections in non-pregnant adults convey a rising hardship in most developed countries. Vaccination to prevent GBS infection could be a crucial approach to prevent GBS disease in adults. [130] [131] Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute multisystem life-threatening disease resulting in multiple organ failure. The severity of this ...
GBS infections in adults include urinary tract infection, skin and soft-tissue infection (skin and skin structure infection) bacteremia, osteomyelitis, meningitis and endocarditis. [6] GBS infection in adults can be serious and related with high mortality. In general penicillin is the antibiotic of choice for treatment of GBS infection.
Guillain–Barré syndrome (also called "GBS") is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. [3] Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands, often spreading to the arms and upper body. [3]
A GBS vaccine is currently being tested but not currently available. Vaccination is estimated to being able to prevent 4% of GBS infections for preterm births and 60–70% for neonatal GBS infections in the US. The projected benefits of maternal vaccination is the prevention of 899 cases of GBS disease and 35 deaths among infants.
However, each of these criteria fails to fit a substantial proportion of patients, and there is no single test or feature which is diagnostic of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis. It is, therefore, possible that a proportion of cases are due to other causes, such as infection or lymphoma, but remain undiagnosed. It is also possible that there ...
An estimated 700 million GAS infections occur worldwide each year. While the overall mortality rate for these infections is less than 0.1%, over 650,000 of the cases are severe and invasive, and these cases have a mortality rate of 25%. [4] Early recognition and treatment are critical; diagnostic failure can result in sepsis and death.
[5] [6] Infections in adults have been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). [4] Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type. [2] It can also be sexually transmitted and potentially spread by blood transfusions. [2] [8] Infections in pregnant women can spread to the baby.
β-hemolysis and pigment (granadaene) production are encoded in GBS by a gene cluster of 12 genes, the cyl cluster. [11] [12] Moreover, it has been suggested that GBS pigment and hemolysin are identical or closely related molecules and it has also been reported that they are important factors contributing to GBS virulence. [8] [13] [14]