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The Purkinje fibers, named for Jan Evangelista Purkyně, (English: / p ɜːr ˈ k ɪ n dʒ i / pur-KIN-jee; [1] Czech: [ˈpurkɪɲɛ] ⓘ; Purkinje tissue or subendocardial branches) are located in the inner ventricular walls of the heart, [2] just beneath the endocardium in a space called the subendocardium.
Parallel fibers pass orthogonally through the Purkinje neuron's dendritic arbor, with up to 200,000 parallel fibers [6] forming a Granule-cell-Purkinje-cell synapse with a single Purkinje cell. Each adult Purkinje cell receives approximately 500 climbing fiber synapses, all originating from a single climbing fiber from the inferior olive. [ 7 ]
Purkinje fiber cell Smooth muscle cell (various types) iris: Myoepithelial cell: exocrine glands: Erythrocyte (red blood cell) erythroblasts Blood and immune system cells Megakaryocyte: Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject. Monocyte (white blood cell) Connective tissue macrophage (various types ...
After a short delay that gives the ventricles time to fill with blood, the electrical signal diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle branches of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as well as to the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium; causing the ...
The bundle branches were separately described by Retzer and Braeunig as early as 1904, but their physiological function remained unclear and their role in the electrical conduction system of the heart remained unknown until Sunao Tawara published his monograph on Das Reizleitungssystem des Säugetierherzens (English: The Conduction System of the Mammalian Heart) in 1906. [4]
Each climbing fiber will form synapses with 1-10 Purkinje cells. Early in development, Purkinje cells are innervated by multiple climbing fibers, but as the cerebellum matures, these inputs gradually become eliminated resulting in a single climbing fiber input per Purkinje cell.
Purkinje fibers, located in the heart; The visual Purkinje effect of how human beings do not see color in dim light; Purkinje images, reflections of objects from the surface of the cornea, and from the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens; Purkinje Incorporated, a company that develops healthcare information technology software and services
Stellate cells are neurons in the central nervous system, named for their star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. These cells play significant roles in various brain functions, including inhibition in the cerebellum and excitation in the cortex, and are involved in synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling.