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During World War I (1914–1918), Central Powers blockades halted traffic between Imperial Russia and its Allies via the Black Sea and the Baltic. The Tsarist authorities sped up development of an ice-free port at Romanov-on-Murman (present-day Murmansk); however, supplies arriving via the Arctic came too little and too late to prevent the Allied collapse on the Eastern Front.
merged with OB convoy in the southwest approaches OB Liverpool to the Atlantic Ocean 7 September 1939 21 July 1941 345 merged with OA convoy in the southwest approaches - ON and OS convoys replaced OB convoys ON Methil, Fife to Bergen: 1939 1940 PW Portsmouth to Wales: SD Iceland to River Clyde: military ferry service SG Southend-on-Sea to ...
A Northern Saga, a 1976 novel written by Steven C. Lawrence, a World War II U.S. Merchant Marine officer, recounts the story of PQ-17. Requiem for Convoy PQ-17 , a novel by Valentin Pikul is dedicated to the fate of the convoy.
The small number of Russian ships available to meet Arctic convoys, losses inflicted by Luftflotte 5 based in Norway and the presence of the German battleship Tirpitz in Norway from early 1942, had led to a large number of ships full of supplies to Russia becoming stranded at the west end and empty and damaged ships waiting at the east end. [3]
The Requiem on Convoy PQ-17, Russian novel by Valentin Pikul; Memoirs of Chief Steward Horace Carswell DSM, MM, BEM during Convoy PQ.17; Coxswain Sid Kerslake of armed trawler "Northern Gem" in PQ.17; Convoy PQ.17, a primary source diary and supporting material by Jack Bowman, ERA aboard HMS La Malouine. PQ 17 at Convoyweb; Helgason, Gudmundur.
This is a list of convoy codes used by the Allies during World War II There were over 300 convoy routes organized, in all areas of the world; each was designated by a two- or three letter code. List of Allied convoys during World War II by region provides additional information.
Convoys to Russia: Allied Convoys and Naval Surface Operations in Arctic Waters 1941–1945 (2nd rev. enl. ed.). Kendal: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-66-5. Stacey, C. P. (1956) [1955]. Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific. Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. Vol.
The small number of Russian ships available for Arctic convoys, losses inflicted by Luftflotte 5 based in Norway and the presence of the German battleship Tirpitz in Norway from early 1942, had led to a large number of ships full of supplies to Russia becoming stranded at the west end and empty and damaged ships waiting at the east end. [9]