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The Cossacks captured the city citadel in a surprise attack and began to plunder the city and free Christian slaves. In order to accept more prisoners into their gulls, the Cossacks threw away most of the captured goods, thereby confirming their vow to free Christians from captivity, which they made before their campaigns. [10] [11] [12] [13]
The Cossacks again defeated the Ottomans, seizing a dozen galleys and nearly a hundred boats. Ali-Pasha narrowly escaped. The Cossacks subsequently blockaded the Crimean Peninsula and attacked and conquered Kaffa, which was at the time one of the most important Turkish ports on the Black Sea and a center of the Ottoman slave trade.
Szlachta failure to regard Zaporozhian Cossacks as nobles for inclusion in the registry of professional military cossacks eroded the Cossacks' loyalty towards the Commonwealth. The Cossack attempts to be recognized as equal to the szlachta were rebuffed and plans for transforming the Two-Nations Commonwealth (Polish–Lithuanian) into Three ...
Cossacks took several thousand Tatar men captive. [6] The exact amount of victims is unknown, but Cossacks are believed to have killed 2,000 Tatar civilians, capturing 1,500 Tatar women and children in Kaffa alone. [2] [6] Among the captured were Shirin Bey's 7-year-old son and mother. [5] Cossacks freed 2,000 Rus' captives from Kaffa. [2] [3]
The battle, while disastrous for the Registered Cossacks who were killed almost to the last man, [6] was victorious for the Polish side and the Cossacks retreated in disarray, while Pavlyuk was captured. [6] The remaining bands of armed Cossacks were soon defeated and "pushed back into the holes they crawled from", as one contemporary author ...
The Cossacks provided refuge for runaway serfs and bandits, and often mounted unauthorized raids and pirate expeditions against the Ottoman Empire. [9] While the Cossack hosts in the Russian Empire served as buffer zones on its borders, the expansionist ambitions of the empire relied on ensuring control over the Cossacks, which caused tension ...
From March 1611 to the autumn of 1612, the Cossacks of Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy besieged Moscow and the Polish-Lithuanian forces there. The city was finally liberated by the Second People's Militia, and the date of the capture of Kitay-Gorod is celebrated in modern Russia as the Day of National Unity [ 1 ] on November 4, alongside festivities ...
[10] [12] The diary forms an important text source on the 16th-century history of the countries he visited. [13] [14] Notably, it is an important primary source on the Cossacks of Ukraine of the 16th century. [15] [16] [17] The diary also contains one of the earliest descriptions of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, by a foreigner. [18]