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Standardized 12 volt DC automobile plugs are defined in the United States by UL Standard 2089 regarding vehicle battery adapters. This standard covers plugs and cord sets that insert into cigarette lighter receptacles. In Europe, 12 volt plugs and sockets are not specially regulated and do not require approvals for the CE mark. [citation needed]
The North American Charging System (NACS), standardized as SAE J3400, is an electric vehicle (EV) charging connector standard maintained by SAE International. [1] Developed by Tesla, Inc., it has been used by all North American market Tesla vehicles since 2021 and was opened for use by other manufacturers in November 2022.
Universal charger or common charger refers to various projects to standardize the connectors of power supplies, particularly for battery-powered devices. Since the publication of the USB Power Delivery standard in 2012, and the USB-C connector in 2014, USB-C has become a widespread standard for charging mobile phones.
Additionally, SAE J3068 supports voltage ratings which align with North American grid voltages and EVSE standards. IEC 62196-2 standard defines the rated operating voltage for AC basic vehicle interface as 250 VAC for single-phase and 480VAC for three-phase, and three-phase EVSE and single-phase vehicles are required to be interoperable.
The Megawatt Charging System (MCS) is a charging connector under development for large battery electric vehicles.The connector will be rated for charging at a maximum rate of 3.75 megawatts (3,000 amps at 1,250 volts direct current (DC)).
SAE J1772, also known as a J plug or Type 1 connector after its international standard, IEC 62196 Type 1, is a North American standard for electrical connectors for electric vehicles maintained by SAE International under the formal title "SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler".