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In puppies three to five weeks old, the disease is less severe due to their ability to properly maintain body temperature and mount a febrile response. [8] More puppies survive, but they can develop a latent infection , they can also develop petechial hemorrhages in the kidney [ 10 ] due to vasculitis.
Treatment protocol will vary based on the dog's age, production level and activity level. There are different treatment paths for puppies, pregnant bitches, lactating bitches, dogs with increased risk of infection, professional dogs, and dogs sharing homes with young children or immunocompromised individuals.
The female worms lay eggs, which hatch into larvae that develop into the adult worm over five molts. Infection occurs either through eggs or the first larva, usually through direct contact with saliva, nasal secretions, or regurgitated stomach contents when the mother feeds the puppies.
There’s no real treatment or cure; infected animals typically die after the virus takes over their nervous systems and they show signs of aggression, drooling and paralysis.
Treatment includes cooling the dogs with wet towels and fans, intravenous fluid therapy, and other supportive care. [171] If a dog's temperature begins to drop to around 40 °C, stop the cooling process. Allow the dog only a couple of laps of water until the temperature begins to drop to a more normal level.
The other common system defines "dog years" to be the actual calendar years (365 days each) of a dog's life, and "human years" to be the equivalent age of a human being. [2] By this terminology, the age of a 6-year-old dog is described as 6 dog years or 40–50 human years, a reversal from the previous definition.