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UDP is a simple message-oriented transport layer protocol that is documented in RFC 768.Although UDP provides integrity verification (via checksum) of the header and payload, [4] it provides no guarantees to the upper layer protocol for message delivery and the UDP layer retains no state of UDP messages once sent.
If the environment is predictable, a timing-based protocol such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can avoid TCP's retransmits overhead. UDP-based Data Transfer Protocol (UDT) has better efficiency and fairness than TCP in networks that have high bandwidth-delay product. [128]
Due to protocol ossification, TCP and UDP are the only widely used transport protocols on the Internet. [6] To avoid middlebox intolerance, new transport protocols may mimic the wire image of a tolerated protocol, or be encapsulated in UDP, accepting some overhead (e.g., due to outer checksums made redundant by inner integrity checks). [7]
A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets.A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.
One concern about the move from TCP to UDP is that TCP is widely adopted and many of the "middleboxes" in the Internet infrastructure are tuned for TCP and rate-limit or even block UDP. Google carried out a number of exploratory experiments to characterize this and found that only a small number of connections were blocked in this manner. [3]
This creates a so-called protocol overhead as the additional data does not contribute to the intrinsic meaning of the message. [5] [6] In telephony, number dialing and call set-up time are overheads. In two-way (but half-duplex) radios, the use of "over" and other signaling needed to avoid collisions is an overhead.
In streaming applications, the overhead of IP, UDP, and RTP is 40 bytes for IPv4, or 60 bytes for IPv6. For VoIP , this corresponds to around 60% of the total amount of data sent. Such large overheads may be tolerable in local wired links where capacity is often not an issue, but are excessive for wide area networks and wireless systems where ...
TCP offload engine (TOE) is a technology used in some network interface cards (NIC) to offload processing of the entire TCP/IP stack to the network controller. It is primarily used with high-speed network interfaces, such as gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet, where processing overhead of the network stack becomes significant.