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Twin-Traction Beam was invented by John A. Richardson and Donald G. Wheatley of Ford Motor Company covered by US patent 3,948,337 issued April 6, 1976. The patent name was “Independent front suspension for front-wheel drive” which was assigned to Ford Motor Company. [1] [2] The Dana Holding Corporation manufactured
The Dana 44 Front axle first saw use in the 1950s and still in use today. Dana 44 Front axles were known for utilizing locking hubs or a center axle disconnect system. However, a permanently locked-in Dana 44 is not uncommon. The Dana 44 has seen use in 1/4-, 1/2-, 3/4-, and 1-ton rated trucks.
This is an example of a "dead axle". A "live axle" not only connects two wheels, but also drives them. A beam axle, rigid axle, or solid axle is a dependent suspension design in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft. Beam axles were once commonly used at the rear wheels of a vehicle, but historically, they have ...
Some vehicles with live-axle suspensions cannot use a Watt's linkage due to design or other practical constraints; these often incorporate a Panhard rod as a component of the front suspension. The Mercedes-Benz G-Class was redesigned in 2018 to include a Panhard rod on the rear axle to improve its on-road handling characteristics.
Automotive suspension design is an aspect of automotive engineering, concerned with designing the suspension for cars and trucks. Suspension design for other vehicles is similar, though the process may not be as well established. The process entails Selecting appropriate vehicle level targets; Selecting a system architecture
Anti-roll bar (in red) attached to a front axle. The bar must also have its two longitudinal anchor points fastened solidly to transfer forces from side to side. An anti-sway or anti-roll bar is intended to reduce the lateral tilt (roll) of the vehicle on curves, sharp corners, or large bumps.
The double-wishbone suspension can also be referred to as ‘double A-arm,’ though the arms themselves can be A-shaped, L-shaped, or even a single bar linkage. The complete TAK-4 independent suspension system set-up also includes a subframe which contains the axle differential, half shafts, and wheel ends with steering attachments and brakes.
The front wheel drive Citroën Traction Avant from 1934 was the first to implement the idea in a serially produced car, featuring independent front torsion bar suspension and a flexible trailing dead axle, also sprung by torsion bars. The flexibility of the axle beam provided wheel location features like a twist beam axle. [6]