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The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded about 10,000 years ago, [1] [2] but the first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD. [3] Lithuanians , one of the Baltic peoples , later conquered neighboring lands and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 13th century (and also a short-lived ...
Archaeologist Laurynas Kurila believes that by the 5th century, the Lithuanians began adopting a war-based societal model found in military democracies. [20] The tribal society was governed following the customary law and was based on a hierarchical structure consisting of four divisions — a duke, soldiers, free peasants (laukininkai) and slaves (šeimynykščiai).
Lithuania, [b] officially the Republic of Lithuania, [c] is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. [d] It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west.
From this point on the history of Lithuania is recorded in chronicles, treaties, and other written documents. In 1219, 21 Lithuanian dukes signed a peace treaty with Galicia–Volhynia . This event is widely accepted as the first proof that the Baltic tribes were uniting and consolidating. [ 1 ]
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
It is a history of the culture of Lithuania and the first printed historical work in Lithuanian. The second half of the 19th century The transitional area between ethnic Lithuania and ethnic Belarusia (in which are the two biggest cities of the former G.D.L., Vilnius and Grodna, lie) became Polish.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
History of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos istorija) or Academic History of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Akademinė Lietuvos istorija) is a thirteen-volume series of books dedicated to the history of Lithuania. The project is organised by the Lithuanian Institute of History, with the assistance of various Lithuanian universities.