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Urbanization in Indonesia increased tremendously following the country's rapid development in the 1970s. [1] Since then, Indonesia has been facing high urbanization rates driven by rural-urban migration. In 1950, 15% of Indonesia's population lived in urban areas. In 1990, 40 years later, this number doubled to 30%. [2]
The present-day city of Jakarta grew from the area which is now North Jakarta. In the 5th century, at the mouth of the Ciliwung-Angke River, the development began with the port city Sundapura (now near Tugu, Jakarta and Bekasi), which was the main port for the Kingdom of Tarumanegara under the leadership of King Mulawarman.
Jakarta was the only city granted the kotaraya status, due to its function as the capital of Indonesia. [8] The terms kotaraya and kotapraja had been abolished since 1974, and kotamadya was used for most of urban areas in Indonesia up to 1999. Jakarta continued to be the only urban area with a province status. [9]
Jakarta's urban area in 1950 were enclosed within the city's railway network. Areas beyond the railway lines remained empty, e.g. Tomang and Grogol to the west, Pluit and swampy Ancol to the north. Areas to the east and northeast, e.g. the area between Jalan Gunung Sahari and Tanjung Priok remained rural (with the exception of the Kemayoran Airport
Administrative city Government Regent/ Mayor Area (km 2) [1] Population (2019) [1] District Kelurahan (urban village)/ Desa (village) Logo Location map 1: Kepulauan Seribu Regency [2] Pramuka Island: Junaedi: 8,70 28.289: 2: 6/-2: West Jakarta [3] Kembangan: Uus Kuswanto: 129,54 2.485.224: 8: 56/-3: Central Jakarta [4] Menteng: Dhany Sukma: 48 ...
The proportion of the core city's (Jakarta) population to that of the entire metropolitan area also declined significantly. In 2020, the population of Jakarta was only 30.4% of the total population of the Jakarta metropolitan area, continuing the decline from 54.6% in 1990 to 43.2% in 2000 and 35.5% in 2010.
Indonesia's parliament on Thursday designated special status for Jakarta, keeping the metropolis as the country's economic epicentre, amid plans to move the capital city to Borneo island.
In total, there are 44 districts and 267 subdistricts in Jakarta, a number that has remained constant since the most recent administrative change in 2001. [1]: 34–35 South Jakarta and East Jakarta are tied with the largest number of districts with 10 each, while the Thousand Islands Regency has the least with just 2. [1]: 40