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In the Early Medieval period, any well-equipped horseman could be described as a knight, or miles in Latin. [23] The first knights appeared during the reign of Charlemagne in the 8th century. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] As the Carolingian Age progressed, the Franks were generally on the attack, and larger numbers of warriors took to their horses to ...
The Knights of the Crown: the Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325-1520. 2d revised ed. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2000. Keen, Maurice; Chivalry, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-300-03150-5; Robards, Brooks; The Medieval Knight at War, UK: Tiger Books, 1997, ISBN 1-85501-919-1
The majority of the primary sources of information for his life are presented in medieval Latin, French or Italian. Latin sources call him Hugo de Paganis. [6] Some of his earliest purported appearances in documents are under the part-Latin, part-French name Hugo de Peans (1120–1125; details below), or in Italian as Ugo de' Pagani or Ugo dei Pagani.
A military order (Latin: militaris ordo) is a Christian religious society of knights. The original military orders were the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, the Order of Saint James, the Order of Calatrava, and the Teutonic Knights.
The earliest recorded instance of the word paladin in the English language dates to 1592, in Delia (Sonnet XLVI) by Samuel Daniel. [1] It entered English through the Middle French word paladin, which itself derived from the Latin palatinus, ultimately from the name of Palatine Hill — also translated as 'of the palace' in the Frankish title of Mayor of the Palace. [1]
The Free Imperial Knights (German: Reichsritter, Latin: Eques imperii) were free nobles of the Holy Roman Empire, whose direct overlord was the Emperor. They were the remnants of the medieval free nobility ( edelfrei ) and the ministeriales .
Jousting is a medieval and renaissance martial game or hastilude between two combatants either on horse or on foot. [1] The joust became an iconic characteristic of the knight in Romantic medievalism. The term is derived from Old French joster, ultimately from Latin iuxtare "to approach, to meet".
From the 12th century in central Europe, a Burgmann (plural: Burgmannen or modern term Burgmänner, Latin: oppidanus, castrensus) was a knight ministeriales or member of the nobility who was obliged to guard and defend castles. [1] The role is roughly equivalent to the English castellan and the name derives from the German word for castle, Burg.