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Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
The two major categories of risk factors are spontaneous and iatrogenic (those that result from medical intervention). spontaneous factors: fetal malpresentation: [8] abnormal fetal lie tends to result in space below the baby in the maternal pelvis, which can then be occupied by the cord. polyhydramnios, or an abnormally high amount of amniotic ...
Antenatal period: polyhydramnios Neonatal period: bilious or non-bilious vomiting within first 36 hours of life, abdominal distension, lack of stooling: Usual onset: During embryological development: Causes: Unknown: Risk factors: Down syndrome: Differential diagnosis: annular pancreas, duodenal stenosis: Treatment: nasogastric suction, surgery ...
Polyhydramnios [8] Multiparity [10] Multiple pregnancy [10] Maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 35 are at greater risk; Risk factors for placental abruption include disease, trauma, history, anatomy, and exposure to substances. The risk of placental abruption increases sixfold after severe maternal trauma.
There are several posited ways that have been positioned to cause amniotic fluid embolism. The first of which involves the thought that a combination or one of the following that include a difficult labor, a placenta that is abnormal and trauma to the abdomen through a caesarean section or other surgical tools dissipates the barrier that exists from the maternal fluid to the fetal fluid.
Risk factors of pregnancies with PPROM include race (black patients are at increased risk), low socioeconomic status, history of sexually transmitted disease, distension of the uterus (which may result from factors such as excessive amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios) or carrying more than one fetus (multifetal pregnancy)), and tobacco smoking. [9]
Risk factors include infection of the amniotic fluid, prior PROM, bleeding in the later parts of pregnancy, smoking, and a mother who is underweight. [2] Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and speculum exam and may be supported by testing the vaginal fluid or by ultrasound . [ 2 ]
When intrapartum (during delivery) fever is higher than 39.0°C, suspected diagnosis of chorioamnionitis can be made. Alternatively, if intrapartum fever is between 38.0°C and 39.0°C, an additional risk factor must be present to make a presumptive diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. Additional risk factors include: [14] Fetal tachycardia