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In 1937, isocyanate-based materials were first used to make foam rubber. After World War II, styrene-butadiene rubber replaced many natural types of foam. Foam rubber has been used commercially for a wide range of applications since the 1940s. Polyether polyurethane rubber was discovered and patented in the 1950s, by Charles C. Price. [3]
To create foam latex, a liquid latex base is mixed with various additives and whipped into a foam, then poured or injected into a mold and baked in an oven to cure.The main components of foam latex are the latex base, a foaming agent (to help it whip into a froth), a gelling agent (to convert the liquid foam into a gel), and a curing agent (to turn the gelled foam latex into a solid when baked).
In its native state, neoprene is a very pliable rubber-like material with insulating properties similar to rubber or other solid plastics. Neoprene foam is used in many applications and is produced in either closed-cell or open-cell form. The closed-cell form is waterproof, less compressible and more expensive. The open-cell form can be breathable.
For the reinforcement of complex shaped rubber products like bellows most manufacturers use these fabric reinforced rubber sheets. These sheets are made by calendering of rubber onto pre-woven fabric plies. The products are manufactured by wrapping (mostly manually) these sheets around a mandrel until enough rubber and reinforcement is applied.
In recent years, EVA foam has seen popular use in cosplay communities, largely in part due to its ease to work with, durability, and comfort in comparison to traditional plastic-based costumes. [7] Flower-making foam is a thin sheet made of EVA, which is flexible, and is used by artists and craft makers to make artificial flowers.
The claimed R-value of Styrofoam insulation is approximately 5 °F⋅ft 2 ⋅h/BTU for 1 inch thick sheet. [7] Styrofoam can be used under roads and other structures to prevent soil disturbances due to freezing and thawing. [8] [9] DuPont also produces Styrofoam blocks and other shapes for use by florists and in craft products. [10]