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  2. Four-point flexural test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-point_flexural_test

    Values for the flexural strength measured with four-point bending will be significantly lower than with three-point bending., [8] Compared with three-point bending test, this method is more suitable for strength evaluation of butt joint specimens. The advantage of four-point bending test is that a larger portion of the specimen between two ...

  3. Flexural strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strength

    The flexural strength is stress at failure in bending. It is equal to or slightly larger than the failure stress in tension. Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1]

  4. Bending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending

    In the absence of a qualifier, the term bending is ambiguous because bending can occur locally in all objects. Therefore, to make the usage of the term more precise, engineers refer to a specific object such as; the bending of rods, [2] the bending of beams, [1] the bending of plates, [3] the bending of shells [2] and so on.

  5. Flexural modulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus

    In mechanics, the flexural modulus or bending modulus [1] is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending. It is determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test (such as the ASTM D790), and uses units of force per ...

  6. Three-point flexural test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test

    The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point bend fixture.

  7. Stress resultants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_resultants

    Stress resultants are defined as integrals of stress over the thickness of a structural element. The integrals are weighted by integer powers the thickness coordinate z (or x 3). Stress resultants are so defined to represent the effect of stress as a membrane force N (zero power in z), bending moment M (power 1) on a beam or shell (structure).

  8. Stress (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)

    This type of stress may be called (simple) normal stress or uniaxial stress; specifically, (uniaxial, simple, etc.) tensile stress. [13] If the load is compression on the bar, rather than stretching it, the analysis is the same except that the force F and the stress σ {\displaystyle \sigma } change sign, and the stress is called compressive ...

  9. Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roark's_Formulas_for_Stress...

    The formulas are organized into tables in a hierarchical format: chapter, table, case, subcase, and each case and subcase is accompanied by diagrams. The main topics of the book include: • The behavior of bodies under stress • Analytical, numerical, and experimental methods • Tension, compression, shear, and combined stress