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Bangladesh has achieved significant advancements in political empowerment, ranking seventh globally with a commendable gender parity rate of 55.2%. Over the past 50 years, the country has witnessed a woman serving as head of state for an impressive duration of 29.3 years, which stands as the longest period in the world. [3]
Sylheti is spoken by the vast majority of the people, while Standard Bengali is the official language used by the state government and officials. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] 2,424 (0.45%) of the population are of an ethnic minority, of which 2,040 are Manipuri .
The population density was 1,117 people per square kilometre. 20.29% were under 10 years of age. Sylhet district had a literacy rate of 76.43% (for 7 years and above), compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 96.74 males per 100 females. [3] According to the census, Sylhet's literacy rate has increased to 76.43%.
Although Sylheti is generally considered as a dialect of Bengali, [87] [88] [89] many linguists view Sylheti as an independent language. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] [ 92 ] In the UK, the widespread use of Sylheti as the primary vernacular by a majority not influenced by standard Bengali has prompted some to regard it as a separate language. [ 93 ]
The Sylheti language, which some consider as a dialect of Bengali, [20] while many linguists consider it as a distinct language, [21] is central to Sylheti identity. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Its unique phonetic qualities and vocabulary often make it unintelligible to standard Bengali speakers, which contributes to a sense of separateness among Sylhetis.
50–54 4 000 000 3 780 000 4.72 55–59 2 950 000 2 770 000 3.48 60–64 3 010 000 2 590 000 3.39 65–69 2 150 000 1 770 000 2.38 70–74 1 570 000 1 260 000 1.71 75–79 670 000 550 000 0.74 80+ 820 000 920 000 1.06 Age group Male Female Total Per cent 0–14 24 535 272 23 929 621 48 464 893 28.81 15–64 54 843 936 55 713 243 110 557 179 65.72
In the last part of the 1970s, the privatization and collapse of companies in the heavy industries led to mass-scale redundancy in the British Sylheti community. This led the Sylheti people opening their own restaurants and takeaways throughout the country. This trend was followed by the Pakistani and Indian communities in the UK.
The area has over 150 tea gardens out of a total of 166 tea estates located all over Bangladesh [22], including three of the largest tea plantations in the world, both in terms of area and production. Nearly 300,000 workers, of which more than 75% are women, are employed on the tea estates.