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The terms low vision and blindness are often used for levels of impairment which are difficult or impossible to correct and significantly impact daily life. [7] In addition to the various permanent conditions, fleeting temporary vision impairment, amaurosis fugax, may occur, and may indicate serious medical problems. [8] [9] [10]
Congenital blindness is sometimes used interchangeably with "Childhood Blindness." However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. [2]
Flash blindness is an either temporary or permanent visual impairment during and following exposure of a varying length of time to a light flash of extremely high intensity, such as a nuclear explosion, flash photograph, lightning strike, or extremely bright light, i.e. a searchlight, laser pointer, landing lights or ultraviolet light. [1]
Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex. [1] Cortical blindness can be acquired or congenital, and may also be transient in certain instances. [ 2 ]
Childhood blindness is an important contribution to the national prevalence of the disability of blindness. [3] Blindness in children can be defined as a visual acuity of <3/60 in the eye with better vision of a child under 16 years of age. [ 4 ]
CVI is also sometimes known as cortical blindness, although most people with CVI are not totally blind. The term neurological visual impairment (NVI) covers both CVI and total cortical blindness. Delayed visual maturation, another form of NVI, is similar to CVI, except the child's visual difficulties resolve in a few months.
Hysterical blindness (nowadays known as conversion disorder), the appearance of neurological symptoms without a neurological cause. Inattentional blindness or perceptual blindness, failing to notice some stimulus that is in plain sight. Motion blindness, a neuropsychological disorder causing an inability to perceive motion.
Cortical blindness-Cortical blindness is the total or partial loss of vision in a normal-appearing eye caused by damage to the brain's occipital cortex. [7] Retrobulbar neuritis- Retrobulbar neuritis cause of visual loss with normal fundus but there will be relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and abnormal visually evoked responses. [8]