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Contact forces are often decomposed into orthogonal components, one perpendicular to the surface(s) in contact called the normal force, and one parallel to the surface(s) in contact, called the friction force. [1] Not all forces are contact forces; for example, the weight of an object is the force between the object and the Earth, even though ...
Normal contact mechanics or frictionless contact mechanics focuses on normal stresses caused by applied normal forces and by the adhesion present on surfaces in close contact, even if they are clean and dry. Frictional contact mechanics emphasizes the effect of friction forces.
The advancing contact angle can be described as a measure of the liquid-solid cohesion while the receding contact angle is a measure of liquid-solid adhesion. The advancing and receding contact angles can be measured directly using different methods and can also be calculated from other wetting measurements such as force tensiometry (aka ...
Force control. A robotic hand grips a delicate object without crushing it. Force control is the control of the force with which a machine or the manipulator of a robot acts on an object or its environment. By controlling the contact force, damage to the machine as well as to the objects to be processed and injuries when handling people can be ...
Contact resistance. Electrical contact resistance (ECR, or simply contact resistance) is resistance to the flow of electric current caused by incomplete contact of the surfaces through which the current is flowing, and by films or oxide layers on the contacting surfaces. It occurs at electrical connections such as switches, connectors, breakers ...
Contact angle method is the standard surface energy measurement method due to its simplicity, applicability to a wide range of surfaces and quickness. The measurement can be fully automated and is standardized. [4] In general, as surface energy increases, the contact angle decreases because more of the liquid is being "grabbed" by the surface.
Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. [2]
Sessile drop technique. An illustration of the sessile drop technique with a liquid droplet partially wetting a solid substrate. θC is the contact angle, and γSG, γLG, γSL represent the solid–gas, gas–liquid, and liquid–solid interfaces, respectively. In materials science, the sessile drop technique is a method used for the ...