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Laboratory findings include low-normal serum calcium, moderately low serum phosphate, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and low serum 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D levels, hyperphosphaturia, and no evidence of hyperparathyroidism. [8] Hypophosphatemia decreases 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) causing a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin curve.
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is an X-linked dominant form of rickets (or osteomalacia) that differs from most cases of dietary deficiency rickets in that vitamin D supplementation does not cure it.
The disorder is often accompanied by low calcium blood levels, which can result in muscle spasms. [ 1 ] Causes include kidney failure , pseudohypoparathyroidism , hypoparathyroidism , diabetic ketoacidosis , tumor lysis syndrome , and rhabdomyolysis . [ 1 ]
Hypophosphatasia (/ ˌ h aɪ p oʊ ˈ f ɒ s f eɪ t ˌ eɪ ʒ ə /; also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase, phosphoethanolaminuria, [5] or Rathbun's syndrome; [1] sometimes abbreviated HPP [6]) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, inherited [7] metabolic bone disease. [8]
The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase, also abbreviated PhoA) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found ...
These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte concentrations of the body fluids constant. Hyponatremia, or low sodium, is the most commonly seen type of electrolyte imbalance. [12] [13] Treatment of electrolyte imbalance depends on the specific electrolyte involved and whether the levels are too high or too low. [3]
At this range of acidity the likeliness of phosphorus uptake is increased and the likeliness of phosphorus deficiency is decreased. Another part of prevention and treatment of phosphorus is the plant's disposition to absorb nutrients. Plant species and different plants within a species react differently to low levels of phosphorus in soil.
This process is thought to be the most common cause of low B 12 in the elderly, who often have some degree of achlorhydria without being formally low in intrinsic factor. [128] This process does not affect absorption of small amounts of B 12 in supplements such as multivitamins, since it is not bound to proteins, as is the B 12 in foods. [128]