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Al nafs al-hayawaniyya ("the animal state") describes the unconscious self, which, in its natural, unawakened state runs after material possessesion, sensual desires and animalistic pleasures. Al nafs al-iblissiyya (the devilish state) is even lower than the animal state, because in it the self, in its overweening pride, seeks consciously and ...
A medical work by Ibn al-Nafis, who corrected some of the erroneous theories of Galen and Avicenna on the anatomy of the brain [citation needed].. Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs [1] (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), [2] is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience ...
Nafs is considered to be the lowest principle of man. Higher than the nafs are the Qalb (heart), and the Ruh (spirit). This tripartition forms the foundation of later, more complicated systems; it is found as early as the Koranic commentary by Ja'far al-Sadiq. He holds that the nafs is peculiar to the zalim (tyrant), the qalb to the muqtasid ...
Tazkiyah (Arabic: تزكية) is an Arabic-Islamic term alluding to tazkiyat al-nafs, meaning 'sanctification' or 'purification of the self'. This refers to the process of transforming the nafs (carnal self or desires) from its state of self-centrality through various spiritual stages towards the level of purity and submission to the will of God. [1]
Rūḥ al-qudus (Arabic: روح القدس, "the holy spirit" or "spirit of holiness"), al-rūḥ al-amin (Arabic: الروح الأمين, "the faithful/trustworthy spirit"), is a Quranic expression that describes a source or means of prophetic revelations, commonly identified with the angel Gabriel.
The distinction between soul (Arabic: نفس, romanized: nafs) and spirit (Arabic: روح, romanized: rūḥ) in the Quran and hadith has rarely been considered by commentators, so that these two words are used interchangeably and synonymously.
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Therefore, they distinguish between nafs and rūḥ, the latter surviving death. [17] Some scholars, like Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi , have even argued that the spirit undergoes changes affected by its previous life, and might turn into a demon ( Div ) after death if the person died in the state of a major sin .