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  2. Electrostatic discharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge

    A charged device model (CDM) test is used to define the ESD a device can withstand when the device itself has an electrostatic charge and discharges due to metal contact. This discharge type is the most common type of ESD in electronic devices and causes most of the ESD damages in their manufacturing.

  3. Human-body model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-body_model

    Warning label for an electrostatic sensitive device, denoting the devices susceptibility to damage. A similar symbol without the bar and with a black "dome" denotes ESD-safe equipment. The human-body model (HBM) is the most commonly used model for characterizing the susceptibility of an electronic device to damage from electrostatic discharge ...

  4. Failure of electronic components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_of_electronic...

    Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a subclass of electrical overstress and may cause immediate device failure, permanent parameter shifts and latent damage causing increased degradation rate. It has at least one of three components, localized heat generation, high current density and high electric field gradient; prolonged presence of currents of ...

  5. Diffuse axonal injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_axonal_injury

    High levels of intracellular Ca 2+, the major cause of post-injury cell damage, [30] destroy mitochondria, [11] and trigger phospholipases and proteolytic enzymes that damage Na+ channels and degrade or alter the cytoskeleton and the axoplasm. [31] [26] Excess Ca 2+ can also lead to damage to the blood–brain barrier and swelling of the brain ...

  6. Electrostatic-sensitive device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic-sensitive_device

    Symbol for an ESD protection device – EPA Alternate warning symbol Symbol of an ESD grounding point for all components. An electrostatic-sensitive device (often abbreviated ESD) is any component (primarily electrical) which can be damaged by common static charges which build up on people, tools, and other non-conductors or semiconductors. [1]

  7. Neurological disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurological_disorder

    The specific causes of neurological problems vary but can include genetic disorders, congenital abnormalities or disorders, infections, lifestyle, or environmental health problems such as pollution, malnutrition, brain damage, spinal cord injury, nerve injury, or gluten sensitivity (with or without intestinal damage or digestive symptoms).

  8. Neurotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity

    This causes glutamate concentration to be several times higher in the blood than in the brain; in turn, the body must act to maintain equilibrium between the two concentrations by pumping the glutamate out of the bloodstream and into the neurons of the brain.

  9. List of LED failure modes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LED_failure_modes

    Electrostatic discharge: An ESD may cause immediate failure of the semiconductor junction, a permanent shift of its parameters, or latent damage causing increased rate of degradation. LEDs and lasers grown on sapphire substrate (see silicon on sapphire) are more susceptible to ESD damage.