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The Warring States period was an era of warfare in ancient China, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation; the major states, ruling over large territories, quickly sought to consolidate their powers, leading to the final erosion of the Zhou court's prestige.
Of the Seven Warring States, the state of Qin grew to be the strongest and eventually conquered and successfully annexed the other six states; Han was the first to fall in 230 BCE, while Qi was the last to surrender in 221 BCE. [1] Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, created the new title of Huangdi and became China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.
Fang States (Chinese:⽅) refer to the various tribes and states during the Shang dynasty in ancient China. Today, scholars' understanding of these states primarily comes from oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the late Shang dynasty Yinxu. In these inscriptions, these tribal states are often referred to as name + "方".
Wei (/ w eɪ /; [1] Chinese: 魏; pinyin: Wèi) was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong.
The state was definitively carved up between the successor states of Zhao, Wei and Han in 376 BCE. 478 BCE Battle of Lize: The Yue state defeats the Wu state. 453 BCE Battle of Jinyang: The Zhao state defeats the Zhi state. Leads to the Partition of Jin. c. 403–221 BCE Warring States period
The Great Wall of Qi (齊長城) is the oldest existing Great Wall in China. [10] Construction of the wall started in 441 BCE to defend against attacks from the states of Jin and Yue. [11] Construction ended during the Warring States period, with the wall enhancing Qi's defense against enemies states like Ju, Lu, and Chu. [12]
Over the course of the Warring States period, and especially following Shang Yang's administrative reforms during the mid-fourth century BC, the state of Qin had grown to become the most powerful of the Seven Warring States that remained in China.
Warring States period, 350 BC Territorial changes of the Warring States Depiction of a Warring states chariot. The rapid growth of Qin's military began with the adoption of Shang Yang's Legalist reforms beginning in 361 BC. Shang Yang was originally a minor official in the state of Wei, but failed to gain recognition there and defected to Qin ...