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The modulus of a counter is the number of states in its count sequence. The maximum possible modulus is determined by the number of flip-flops. For example, a four-bit counter can have a modulus of up to 16 (2^4). Counters are generally classified as either synchronous or asynchronous.
synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit decade counter 16 SN74LS190: 74x191 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit binary counter 16 SN74LS191: 74x192 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit decade counter, clear 16 SN74LS192: 74x193 1 synchronous presettable up/down 4-bit binary counter, clear 16 SN74LS193: 74x194 1
40110 – Up/down decade counter with 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset. 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset. Decoders. 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output decoder)
The following is a list of CMOS 4000-series digital logic integrated circuits.In 1968, the original 4000-series was introduced by RCA.Although more recent parts are considerably faster, the 4000 devices operate over a wide power supply range (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series) and are well suited to unregulated battery powered applications and interfacing with sensitive analogue ...
A logic circuit diagram for a 4-bit carry lookahead binary adder design using only the AND, OR, and XOR logic gates.. A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output.
A binary counter can represent 2 N states, where N is the number of bits in the code, whereas a straight ring counter can represent only N states and a Johnson counter can represent only 2N states. This may be an important consideration in hardware implementations where registers are more expensive than combinational logic.
The very fastest shifters are implemented as full crossbars, in a manner similar to the 4-bit shifter depicted above, only larger. These incur the least delay, with the output always a single gate delay behind the input to be shifted (after allowing the small time needed for the shift count decoder to settle; this penalty, however, is only incurred when the shift count changes).
An animation of a frequency divider implemented with D flip-flops, counting from 0 to 7 in binary. For power-of-2 integer division, a simple binary counter can be used, clocked by the input signal. The least-significant output bit alternates at 1/2 the rate of the input clock, the next bit at 1/4 the rate, the third bit at 1/8 the rate, etc.