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A live attenuated varicella vaccine, the Oka strain, was developed by Michiaki Takahashi and his colleagues in Japan in the early 1970s. [41] In 1995, Merck & Co. licensed the "Oka" strain of the varicella virus in the United States, and Maurice Hilleman's team at Merck invented a varicella vaccine in the same year. [42] [43] [44]
A live attenuated varicella vaccine, the Oka strain, was developed by Michiaki Takahashi and his colleagues in Japan in the early 1970s. [15] American vaccinologist Maurice Hilleman's team developed a chickenpox vaccine in the United States in 1981, based on the "Oka strain" of the varicella virus.
Chickenpox-like rashes were recognized and described by ancient civilizations; the relationship between zoster and chickenpox was not realized until 1888. [29] In 1943, the similarity between virus particles isolated from the lesions of zoster and those from chickenpox was noted. [30] In 1974 the first chickenpox vaccine was introduced. [31]
In the case of chickenpox, also called varicella, the initial infection with the virus typically occurs during childhood or adolescence. [1] Once the chickenpox has resolved, the virus can remain dormant (inactive) in human nerve cells ( dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerves ) [ 11 ] for years or decades, after which it may reactivate and ...
Michiaki Takahashi (高橋 理明, Takahashi Michiaki, February 17, 1928 – December 16, 2013) was a Japanese virologist, best known for inventing the first chickenpox vaccine. He developed the "Oka" vaccine by producing v-Oka, a live-attenuated virus strain of varicella zoster virus .
Chicken pox [12] Ebola [18] Polio [17] Rabies [17] Rubella [12] Shingles [17] Of these, the vaccines approved for use in the United States include some of those against rabies , rubella, chicken pox, shingles, and adenovirus (as of January 2017). [12]
A zoster vaccine is a vaccine that reduces the incidence of herpes zoster (shingles), a disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which is also responsible for chickenpox. [8] Shingles provokes a painful rash with blisters, and can be followed by chronic pain (postherpetic neuralgia), as well as other complications.
Varicella spreads person to person through the air from coughing or sneezing, touching or breathing in the virus that comes from the chickenpox blisters, and can be spread from people with shingles. It takes 10 to 21 days after exposure to develop symptoms and it lasts about 5–10 days.