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Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [ 4 ]
Chloral tends to form adducts with water (to give chloral hydrate) and alcohols. Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid: Cl 3 CCHO + 2 C 6 H 5 Cl → Cl 3 CCH(C 6 H 4 Cl) 2 ...
Dichloralphenazone is a 1:2 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. In combination with paracetamol and isometheptene, it is the active ingredient of medications for migraine and tension headaches, including Epidrin and Midrin. Performance impairments are common with this drug and caution is advised, for example when driving motor vehicles.
Chloral hydrates to chloral hydrate in the body. Chloral hydrate is either reduced to 2,2,2-trichloroethanol or oxidised to trichloroacetic acid . Monochloroacetic acid , [ 38 ] dichloroacetic acid [ 39 ] and trichloromethane [ 38 ] [ 40 ] [ 41 ] were also detected as minor metabolites of TCE.
Petrichloral (Pentaerythritol chloral) is a sedative and hypnotic chloral hydrate prodrug. [1] [2] It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA. [3] References
The compound is a preservative, sedative, hypnotic and weak local anesthetic similar in nature to chloral hydrate. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. [1] Chlorobutanol is typically used at a concentration of 0.5% where it lends long term stability to multi-ingredient formulations.
Chloral betaine [8] [note 1] 2465 Chloral hydrate [8] [note 1] 2744 Chlordiazepoxide [12] 2751 Clobazam [10] 2737 Clonazepam [12] 2768 Clorazepate [12] 2752
It is a betaine complex of trimethylglycine with chloral hydrate, which acts as an extended-acting formulation of chloral hydrate which is then metabolized into trichloroethanol, which is responsible for most or all of its effects. [3] [4] [6]