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It is capable of breathing moist air, so can survive out of water for long periods. It is much larger than most gouramis (only the other Osphronemus species reach a similar size), growing to a maximum standard length of 70 cm (28 in), though most are only around 45 cm (18 in). [5]
This organ is a vital adaptation for fish that often inhabit warm, shallow, oxygen-poor water. [1] Gouramis can live for 1–5 years. The earliest fossil gourami is Ombilinichthys from the early-mid Eocene Sangkarewang Formation of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Dwarf gouramis sold in fish stores may also be solid colors (e.g., powder blue dwarf gourami or red flame variety) which are nothing but captive bred color morphs of the same species. Similar to the archerfish, the dwarf gourami can project a stream of water from its mouth to hunt prey above the surface, to a maximum distance of ~5 cm. [5]
It is kept in water that ranges from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F) and that is soft (50 mg/L) and acidic (pH 6.0 - 6.5). [4] It eats a variety of foods including flake foods, bloodworms, and brine shrimp. Aquarists avoid keeping it with barbs or other fin-nippers who may damage their thread-like ventral fins. [5] T. labiosa are known to breed well.
The honey gourami is a bubble nest builder that uses plants to help bind together the bubbles. The water level should be reduced to 8 in during spawning, and the temperature should be approximately 28 °C (82 °F) and with a pH of around 7. It is always advised to keep your Gouramis in a separate tank to facilitate breeding.
Kissing Gourami are also a very long lived fish, a long-term commitment for the fish keeper. They have been known to live in excess of 25 years (*). In the aquarium, breeders have also produced a "dwarf" or "balloon pink" variety, which is a mutated strain of the pink gourami that are offered to hobbyists. [6]
The pearl gourami's appearance has given rise to other popular names, such as the lace gourami and the mosaic gourami. Its male specimens, typical of many gouramis , are generally larger and more colourful than their female counterparts.
Adults of Osphronemus laticlavius can grow up to 50 centimetres (20 in). These fishes have 10 dorsal spines, 13–14 dorsal soft rays, 11–12 anal spines and 16 – 18 anal soft rays. [5] Body is massive, laterally compressed, with an almost oval shape. The head is snub-nosed, with prominent jaw.