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  2. Stochastic simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_simulation

    A stochastic simulation is a simulation of a system that has variables that can change stochastically (randomly) with individual probabilities. [1] Realizations of these random variables are generated and inserted into a model of the system. Outputs of the model are recorded, and then the process is repeated with a new set of random values.

  3. Monte Carlo method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method

    The approximation of a normal distribution with a Monte Carlo method. ... For example, the emission of radiation from atoms is a natural stochastic process. It can be ...

  4. Stochastic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_process

    The term stochastic process first appeared in English in a 1934 paper by Joseph Doob. [60] For the term and a specific mathematical definition, Doob cited another 1934 paper, where the term stochastischer Prozeß was used in German by Aleksandr Khinchin, [63] [64] though the German term had been used earlier, for example, by Andrei Kolmogorov ...

  5. Stochastic modelling (insurance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_modelling...

    Stochastic models help to assess the interactions between variables, and are useful tools to numerically evaluate quantities, as they are usually implemented using Monte Carlo simulation techniques (see Monte Carlo method). While there is an advantage here, in estimating quantities that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using analytical ...

  6. Markov chain Monte Carlo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain_Monte_Carlo

    In statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a class of algorithms used to draw samples from a probability distribution.Given a probability distribution, one can construct a Markov chain whose elements' distribution approximates it – that is, the Markov chain's equilibrium distribution matches the target distribution.

  7. Markov chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain

    They provide the basis for general stochastic simulation methods known as Markov chain Monte Carlo, which are used for simulating sampling from complex probability distributions, and have found application in areas including Bayesian statistics, biology, chemistry, economics, finance, information theory, physics, signal processing, and speech ...

  8. Stochastic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic

    The Monte Carlo method is a stochastic method popularized by physics researchers Stanisław Ulam, Enrico Fermi, John von Neumann, and Nicholas Metropolis. [33] The use of randomness and the repetitive nature of the process are analogous to the activities conducted at a casino.

  9. Gillespie algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillespie_algorithm

    The process that led to the algorithm recognizes several important steps. In 1931, Andrei Kolmogorov introduced the differential equations corresponding to the time-evolution of stochastic processes that proceed by jumps, today known as Kolmogorov equations (Markov jump process) (a simplified version is known as master equation in the natural sciences).