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The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈ m ɪ ʃ n ə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, romanized: mišnā, lit. 'study by repetition', from the verb שנה šānā, "to study and review," also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
The Babylonian Talmud has Gemara—rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah—on thirty-seven masekhtot. The Jerusalem Talmud (Yerushalmi) has Gemara on thirty-nine masekhtot. [1] The Talmud is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and Jewish theology. [2]
A Talmud was compiled in each of these regional centres. The earlier of the two compilations took place in Galilee, either in the late fourth or early fifth century, and it came to be known as the Jerusalem Talmud (or Talmud Yerushalmi). Later on, and likely some time in the sixth century, the Babylonian Talmud was compiled (Talmud Bavli).
The Jerusalem Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, romanized: Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short) or Palestinian Talmud, [1] [2] also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, [3] [4] is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah. Naming this version of ...
However, after Judah the Prince compiled the Mishnah around 200 CE, rabbis from Babylonia and the Land of Israel extensively studied the work. [1] Their discussions were eventually documented in a series of books, which would come to be known as the Gemara. The Gemara, when combined with the Mishnah, forms the full Talmud.
Both the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud have been transmitted in written form to the present day, although the more extensive Babylonian Talmud is widely considered to be more authoritative. [8] The Talmud's discussions follow the order of the Mishnah, although not all tractates are discussed.
There are 181 references in the Mishnah and Talmud; 335 in classical midrash and Jewish law codes. Rabbi Meir says this term differs from " Androgynos" in that the term refers to "sometimes a man ...
The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Tanakh. The rabbis of the Mishnah are known as Tannaim (sing. Tanna תנא).