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The Mishnah or the Mishna (/ ˈ m ɪ ʃ n ə /; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, romanized: mišnā, lit. 'study by repetition', from the verb שנה šānā, "to study and review," also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
The Mishnah contains many of Judah's own sentences, which are introduced by the words, "Rabbi says." The Mishnah was Judah's work, although it includes a few sentences by his son and successor, Gamaliel III, [85] perhaps written after Judah's death. Both the Talmuds assume as a matter of course that Judah is the originator of the Mishnah—"our ...
Manuscripts written in Yemen between 13th-16th centuries Divrei David: David ben Solomon: Livorno: 1828 Yekar Tifereth: David ben Solomon: Hafla'ah and Zeraim in Smyrna; remaining portions in Vilna: Hafla'ah and Zeraim 1757; remaining portions 1890 Kessef Mishneh: Yosef Karo: Venice: 1574 Lechem Mishneh: Abraham de Boton: Venice: 1609 Mishneh ...
It was written primarily in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. It was compiled between the late fourth century to the first half of the fifth century. [7] Both versions of the Talmud have two parts, the Mishnah (of which there is only one version), which was finalized by Judah ha-Nasi around the year 200 CE, and either the Babylonian or the Jerusalem ...
The Mishneh Torah (Hebrew: מִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה, lit. 'repetition of the Torah'), also known as Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka (ספר יד החזקה, 'book of the strong hand'), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam).
A great many more lessons, lectures and traditions only alluded to in the few hundred pages of Mishnah, became the thousands of pages now called the Gemara. Gemara is written in Aramaic (specifically Jewish Babylonian Aramaic), having been compiled in Babylon. The Mishnah and Gemara together are called the Talmud.
The Talmud is constituted by the Mishnah, a written compendium of the Oral Torah, and the Gemara (גמרא), a commentary on the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings. Sometimes, the word "Talmud" may only refer to the Gemara. This text is made up of 63 tractates, each covering one subject area.
However, circa 200 C.E., much of the Oral Torah was written down, and is known as the Mishnah (the Zohar, a book chronicling the hidden parts of the Torah, was written down as well around this time by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai). Three hundred years later the Talmud was written, expounding on the Mishnah.