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These enzymes require visible light (from the violet/blue end of the spectrum) both for their own activation [1] and for the actual DNA repair. [2] The DNA repair mechanism involving photolyases is called photoreactivation. They mainly convert pyrimidine dimers into a normal pair of pyrimidine bases.
These findings thus indicate that the repair of thymine dimers in wild-type yeast is highly efficient. [citation needed] Nucleotide excision repair, sometimes termed "dark reactivation", is a more general mechanism for repair of lesions and is the most common form of DNA repair for pyrimidine dimers in humans. This process works by using ...
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a particularly important excision mechanism that removes DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light (UV). UV DNA damage results in bulky DNA adducts — these adducts are mostly thymine dimers and 6,4-photoproducts. Recognition of the damage leads to removal of a short single-stranded DNA segment that contains ...
Spore photoproduct lyase (EC 4.1.99.14SP lyase, SPL, SplB, SplG) is a radical SAM enzyme that repairs DNA cross linking of thymine bases caused by UV-radiation.There are several types of thymine cross linking, but SPL specifically targets 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine, which is also called spore photoproduct (SP).
Ultraviolet (UV) light induces the formation of DNA damages including pyrimidine dimers (such as thymine dimers) and 6,4 photoproducts. These types of "bulky" damages are repaired by nucleotide excision repair .
Of these, the shortest lived species, mouse, expresses DNA repair genes, including core genes in several DNA repair pathways, at a lower level than do humans and naked mole rats. [69] Furthermore several DNA repair pathways in humans and naked mole-rats are up-regulated compared to mouse.
Dia Dipasupil/Getty; Raymond Hall/GC Images. Justin Baldoni in New York City on Dec. 13, 2023; Blake Lively in New York City on Oct. 28, 2024
Three of these proteins are essential in detecting the mismatch and directing repair machinery to it: MutS, MutH and MutL (MutS is a homologue of HexA and MutL of HexB). MutS forms a dimer (MutS 2 ) that recognises the mismatched base on the daughter strand and binds the mutated DNA.