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Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
The water should not be tap water, which may contain small amounts of bacteria that are safe to drink but may be dangerous in the nose. The water should be sterile or filtered for micro-organisms; if tap water is used it should be boiled and cooled. [4] Saline solution is also sometimes used. [2]
Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis. [5] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml. [5] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available. [5] In the UK, some hospitals offer subcutaneous injections of water directly for treating back pain in labour.
Similar to nasal irrigation, artificial tears can help wash allergens out of watery, itchy eyes, but Dr. Wright recommends taking things a step further and keeping the bottle in your fridge.
They provide the cells with water and inorganic ions, while maintaining a physiological pH and osmotic pressure. [2] Sometimes glucose is added as an energy source and phenol red is used as a pH indicator. In medicine, balanced salt solutions can be used as an irrigation solution such as during intraocular surgery and to replace intraocular fluids.
A 3-way syringe/nozzle has separate internal channels supplying air, water or a mist created by combining the pressurized air with the waterflow. The syringe tip can be separated from the main body and replaced when necessary. In the UK and Ireland, manually operated hand syringes are used to inject lidocaine into patients' gums. [27] [28] [26]