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Classification of Periodontal Diseases 2018. In 2018, a new classification system for Periodontal diseases was released. It has 3 main parts: Periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions; Periodontitis; Other conditions affecting the periodontium. In periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions, there are 3 sub-types: [5]
Periodontal charting refers to a chart utilized by a dental care professional (periodontist, dentist, registered dental hygienist) to write and record gingival [1] and overall oral conditions relating to oral and periodontal health or disease.
Aggressive periodontitis is distinguished from the chronic form mainly by the faster rate of progression. Loss of attachment may progress despite good oral hygiene and in the absence of risk factors such as smoking. Aggressive periodontitis may occur in younger persons and there may a genetic aspect, with the trait sometimes running in families ...
The severity of periodontal tissue destruction is out of proportion to amount of bacteria present. [19] The amount of bacteria is often indicated by the level of dental plaque. [27] This feature implies that when aggressive periodontitis is present, loss of attachment and bone loss tend to occur even if the plaque level is low.
[1] [2] At least 16 systemic diseases have been linked to periodontitis. These systemic diseases are associated with periodontal disease because they generally contribute to either a decreased host resistance to infections or dysfunction in the connective tissue of the gums, increasing patient susceptibility to inflammation-induced destruction. [1]
Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
Abnormal, pathologic tooth mobility occurs when the attachment of the periodontal ligament to the tooth is reduced (attachment loss, see diagram), or if the periodontal ligament is inflamed. [3]: 220 Generally, the degree of mobility is inversely related to the amount of bone and periodontal ligament support left. Grace & Smales Mobility Index [5]
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.