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Computer-assisted language learning (CALL), known as computer-aided instruction (CAI) in British English and computer-aided language instruction (CALI) in American English, [1] Levy (1997: p. 1) briefly defines it as "the exploration and study of computer applications in language teaching and learning."
ICALL programs have also been developed in languages such as German, [8] Japanese, [8] Portuguese, [8] Mandarin Chinese, [9] and Arabic. [7] ICALL systems are also contributing to the learning of languages that are not as accessible to learn (due to a lesser amount of language resources), or less commonly learned languages, such as Cree. [3]
Ontology learning (ontology extraction,ontology augmentation generation, ontology generation, or ontology acquisition) is the automatic or semi-automatic creation of ontologies, including extracting the corresponding domain's terms and the relationships between the concepts that these terms represent from a corpus of natural language text, and encoding them with an ontology language for easy ...
A JAR file allows Java runtimes to efficiently deploy an entire application, including its classes and their associated resources, in a single request. JAR file elements may be compressed, shortening download times. A JAR file may contain a manifest file, that is located at META-INF/MANIFEST.MF. The entries in the manifest file describe how to ...
Understanding the semantics of a text is symbol grounding: if language is grounded, it is equal to recognizing a machine-readable meaning. For the restricted domain of spatial analysis, a computer-based language understanding system was demonstrated.
Foreign-language writing aid – computer program or any other instrument that assists a non-native language user (also referred to as a foreign-language learner) in writing decently in their target language. Assistive operations can be classified into two categories: on-the-fly prompts and post-writing checks.
Terminology extraction (also known as term extraction, glossary extraction, term recognition, or terminology mining) is a subtask of information extraction.The goal of terminology extraction is to automatically extract relevant terms from a given corpus.
The fact that during language acquisition, children are largely only exposed to positive evidence, [8] meaning that the only evidence for what is a correct form is provided, and no evidence for what is not correct, [9] was a limitation for the models at the time because the now available deep learning models were not available in late 1980s. [10]