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The steel used in sword production is known as tamahagane (玉鋼:たまはがね), or "jewel steel" (tama – ball or jewel, hagane – steel). Tamahagane is produced from iron sand, a source of iron ore, and mainly used to make samurai swords, such as the katana, and some tools. Diagram of a tatara and bellows
The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. [1] Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords, daggers, knives, and other kinds of tools. The carbon content of the majority of analyzed Japanese swords historically lies between a mass of 0.5–0.7%; however, the range extends up to 1.5%. [2] [3]
Type II Combat Rations – Pack-meshi (boiled in bag type ration packs) [1] Survival Ration Pack – Emergency rations for aircrew, etc. Also used by ASDF & MSDF. [1] Training Rations – Commercial style perishable food/drink items used in exercises, on base, and when supplying civilians at PR events or during disaster relief.) [1]
In addition, supplies of the type of Japanese steel used for sword making were limited so several other types of steel were substituted. Shortcuts in forging were also taken, such as the use of power hammers and tempering the blade in oil rather than hand forging and water tempering; these measures created swords without the usual ...
The main source of ores for Japanese steel was iron sand, a sand-like substance which accumulated as an end product of the erosion of granite and andesite in mountainous regions of Japan. [13] Importantly, it was less labor-intensive to extract the ore from the sand than from hard rock.
The swords of the medieval Chinese Tang dynasty (many of which are preserved in Japanese museums) are made with this lamination technique of a harder steel core wrapped in a softer steel jacket. Jacketed lamination techniques, as well as repeated hammering and folding techniques, date to at least the ancient Chinese Han dynasty of 202 BC to 220 AD.
Mokume-gane (木目金) is a Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term mokume-gane translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural ...
They may even be made of folded steel, much like a real katana, but with a blunt edge. Such weapons would face the same use and ownership restrictions in Japan as genuine swords, and would not be considered iaitō in Japan. The first iaitō were made after the Second World War to permit people without means to own a training sword for their ...