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Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels [1] used in the manufacture of different products, including swords, saw blades, springs and many more. These steels are generally low-alloy manganese , medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength .
A popular misconception is that all materials that bend are "weak" and those that do not are "strong". In reality, many materials that undergo large elastic and plastic deformations, such as steel, are able to absorb stresses that would cause brittle materials, such as glass, with minimal plastic deformation ranges, to break. [7]
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
Spring back compensation is used in metal forming to ensure that the final shape assumed by a piece of metal after being removed from a forming tool is the shape desired. Typically, when metal is being formed at room temperature, it will undergo both plastic and elastic deformation .
In this region, the stress mainly increases as the material elongates, except that for some materials such as steel, there is a nearly flat region at the beginning. The stress of the flat region is defined as the lower yield point (LYP) and results from the formation and propagation of Lüders bands. Explicitly, heterogeneous plastic ...
An ideal constant-force spring is a spring for which the force it exerts over its range of motion is a constant, that is, it does not obey Hooke's law.In reality, "constant-force springs" do not provide a truly constant force and are constructed from materials that do obey Hooke's law.
The inverse of spring rate is compliance, that is: if a spring has a rate of 10 N/mm, it has a compliance of 0.1 mm/N. The stiffness (or rate) of springs in parallel is additive, as is the compliance of springs in series. Springs are made from a variety of elastic materials, the most common being spring steel.
One of the first uses of austempered steel was in rifle bolts during World War II. [4] The high impact strength possible at high hardnesses, and the relatively small section size of the components made austempered steel ideal for this application. Over subsequent decades austempering revolutionized the spring industry followed by clips and clamps.