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Like other gas-discharge lamps such as the very-similar mercury-vapor lamps, metal-halide lamps produce light by ionizing a mixture of gases in an electric arc.In a metal-halide lamp, the compact arc tube contains a mixture of argon or xenon, mercury, and a variety of metal halides, such as sodium iodide and scandium iodide. [7]
Unlike regular incandescent halogen lamps where a halide gas is used to regenerate the filament and keep the evaporated tungsten from darkening the glass, the mercury vapour and the metal halides in HMI lamps are what emit the light. The high color rendering index (CRI) and color temperature are due to the specific lamp chemistry.
For example, a high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube under 100 to 200 torr pressure, about 14% to 28% of atmospheric pressure; some automotive HID headlamps have up to 50 bar or fifty times atmospheric pressure. Metal halide lamps produce almost white light, and attain 100 lumen per watt light output. Applications include indoor lighting of ...
Streetlamp with a ceramic metal halide bulb Ceramic metal halide bulb with G12 socket. A ceramic metal-halide lamp (CMH), also generically known as a ceramic discharge metal-halide (CDM) lamp, [1] is a type of metal-halide lamp that is 10–20% more efficient than the traditional quartz metal halide [2] and produces a superior color rendition (80-96 CRI).
However, mercury-vapor lamps are falling out of favor and being replaced by sodium-vapor and metal-halide lamps. Metal-halide and ceramic metal-halide lamps can be made to give off neutral white light useful for applications where normal color appearance is critical, such as TV and movie production, indoor or nighttime sports games, automotive ...
A metal halide lamp with a bipin cap. A bipin or bi-pin (sometimes referred to as two-pin, bipin cap or bipin socket) is a type of lamp fitting.They are included in the IEC standard "IEC 60061 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety".
The halogens can all react with metals to form metal halides according to the following equation: 2M + nX 2 → 2MX n. where M is the metal, X is the halogen, and MX n is the metal halide. Sample of silver chloride. In practice, this type of reaction may be very exothermic, hence impractical as a preparative technique.
High Pressure Mercury and Metal Halide Lamps – Y 2 O 2 S:Eu Red 626 nm – – Lamp – 3.5 MgO · 0.5 MgF 2 · GeO 2 :Mn Red 655 nm – – Lamp 3.5 MgO · 0.5 MgF 2 · GeO 2 :Mn Mg 5 As 2 O 11:Mn Red 660 nm – – High-pressure mercury lamps, 1960s – SrAl 2 O 7:Pb Ultraviolet 313 nm – – Special fluorescent lamps for medical use