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Lung cancer is the most diagnosed and deadliest cancer worldwide, with 2.2 million cases in 2020 resulting in 1.8 million deaths. [3] Lung cancer is rare in those younger than 40; the average age at diagnosis is 70 years, and the average age at death 72. [2] Incidence and outcomes vary widely across the world, depending on patterns of tobacco use.
Lung tumor; A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) Specialty: Oncology Pulmonology: Symptoms: Coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, chest pains [1] Complications: Lung cancer: Causes: Smoking Radon gas Asbestos Air pollution Genetics
Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common type of lung cancer, and like other forms of lung cancer, it is characterized by distinct cellular and molecular features. [1] It is classified as one of several non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), to distinguish it from small cell lung cancer which has a different behavior and prognosis.
Nearly 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinomas, which usually originates in peripheral lung tissue. [10] Most cases of adenocarcinoma are associated with smoking; however, among people who have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lifetimes ("never-smokers"), [ 11 ] adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer. [ 12 ]
Small cell mesothelioma – an extremely rare subtype of lung cancer – can be mistaken for small cell lung cancer. [10] Small-cell carcinoma is most often more rapidly and widely metastatic than non-small-cell lung carcinoma [11] (and hence staged differently). There is usually early involvement of the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. [12]
Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung is a highly lethal disease. Overall, the five-year survival rates approximate 16% to 22%. Generally, survival is better in all stages for patients with the acinar (or papillary) pattern than it is in patients with the solid pattern, but considerably worse than those with the bronchioloalveolar pattern.
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