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Downward herniation can stretch branches of the basilar artery (pontine arteries), causing them to tear and bleed, known as a Duret hemorrhage. The result is usually fatal. [11] Other symptoms of this type of herniation include small, fixed pupils with [12] paralysis of upward eye movement giving the characteristic appearance of "sunset eyes".
Tibialis anterior hernia: can present as a bulge in the shins. Pain on rest, walking, or during exercise may occur. The bulge can typically not be present unless pressure or flexing of the leg occurs. [31] [32] [33] Velpeau hernia: a hernia in the groin in front of the femoral blood vessels
An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, are absent in about a third of patients. Symptoms often get worse throughout the day and improve when lying down.
A hernia can be described as reducible if the contents within the sac can be pushed back through the defect into the peritoneal cavity, whereas with an incarcerated hernia, the contents are stuck in the hernia sac. [7] However, the term incarcerated seems to always imply that the femoral hernia is at least irreducible.
Perineal hernia is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat , any part of the intestine , the rectum , or the bladder . It is known to occur in humans , dogs , and other mammals, and often appears as a sudden swelling to one side (sometimes both sides) of the anus .
Groin hernia includes femoral, obturator, and inguinal. [1] Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia and consist of about 75% of all hernia surgery cases in the US. Inguinal hernia, which results from lower abdominal wall weakness or defect, [2] is more common among men with about 90% of total cases.