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The exact cause of velamentous cord insertion is unknown, although risk factors include nulliparity, [2] [6] the use of assisted reproductive technology, [6] [12] maternal obesity, [6] [7] and pregnancy with other placental anomalies. [9] Velamentous cord insertion is often diagnosed using an abdominal ultrasound.
In Type 1, there is a velamentous insertion with vessels running over the cervix. In Type 2, unprotected vessels run between lobes of a bilobed or succenturiate lobed placenta. In Type 3, a portion of the placenta overlying the cervix undergoes atrophy. In this type, there is a normal placental cord insertion and the placenta has only one lobe.
It usually develops between week 16 and 25 of pregnancy, during peak placental growth. The cause of the developmental effects on a surviving fetus may include necrotic embolisms from a dead fetus, low blood volume due to pooling in the dead fetus or velamentous cord insertion (insertion of the umbilical cord into the chorioamniotic membranes). [3]
This case study discussed the association of circumvallate placenta and abnormal battledore cord insertion in producing pregnancy complications. Restriction of umbilical cord blood flow from the placenta to the fetus and placental abnormalities like circumvallate placenta may work in conjunction to generate fetal distress.
Further analysis suggested that waiting two or more minutes to clamp the cord had a 91% probability of being the best treatment to prevent death shortly after birth in premature babies.
The fact that IUD insertion is uncomfortable (to put it mildly) has made headlines in recent months, but many of the one in five sexually active American females who have gotten the device still ...
Women with a large placentae from twins or erythroblastosis are at higher risk. Race is a controversial risk factor, with some studies finding that people from Asia and Africa are at higher risk and others finding no difference. Placental pathology (velamentous insertion, succenturiate lobes, bipartite i.e. bilobed placenta etc.) [13]
The risk of developing both of these conditions while taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist medication is low. But research has generally shown that the risk of developing pancreatitis while taking this ...