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An oil drying agent, also known as siccative, is a coordination compound that accelerates the hardening of drying oils, often as they are used in oil-based paints.This so-called "drying" (actually a chemical reaction that produces an organic plastic) occurs through free-radical chemical crosslinking of the oils.
Magnesium perchlorate is a powerful oxidizing agent, with the formula Mg(ClO 4) 2. The salt is also a superior drying agent for gas analysis. Magnesium perchlorate decomposes at 250 °C. [2] The heat of formation is -568.90 kJ/mol. [3] The enthalpy of solution is quite high, so reactions are done in large amounts of water to dilute it.
Phosphorus pentoxide is a potent dehydrating agent as indicated by the exothermic nature of its hydrolysis producing phosphoric acid: P 4 O 10 + 6 H 2 O → 4 H 3 PO 4 (–177 kJ) However, its utility for drying is limited somewhat by its tendency to form a protective viscous coating that inhibits further dehydration by unspent material.
Calcium hydride is the chemical compound with the formula CaH 2, an alkaline earth hydride. This grey powder (white if pure, which is rare) reacts vigorously with water, liberating hydrogen gas. CaH 2 is thus used as a drying agent, i.e. a desiccant. [2] CaH 2 is a saline hydride, meaning that its structure is salt-like. The alkali metals and ...
The chemist Sylvia Stoesser (1901–1991) had suggested tetrachloroethylene to be used in dry cleaning as an alternative to highly flammable dry cleaning solvents such as naphtha. [ 14 ] It is also used to degrease metal parts in the automotive and other metalworking industries, usually as a mixture with other chlorocarbons.
In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions. [26] It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent magnesium sulfate. It is only effective below about 30 °C (86 °F), but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically ...
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
Anhydrous solvents are commercially available from chemical suppliers, and are packaged in sealed containers to maintain dryness. [4] Typically anhydrous solvents will contain approximately 10 ppm of water and will increase in wetness if they are not properly stored. Organic solutions can be dried using a range of drying agents.