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Microorganisms growing on an agar plate. Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. [1]
Instrument Uses Instrument sterilizers: Used to sterilize instruments in absence of an autoclave Dressing drums: storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc.
Disinfection uses liquid chemicals on surfaces and at room temperature to kill disease-causing microorganisms. Ultraviolet light has also been used to disinfect the rooms of patients infected with Clostridioides difficile after discharge. [14] Disinfection is less effective than sterilization because it does not kill bacterial endospores. [15]
Earle Spaulding of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) in a 1939 paper on disinfection of surgical instruments in a chemical solution proposed "a strategy for sterilization or disinfection of inanimate objects and surfaces based on the degree of risk involved in their use". [1]
used for sterilization of glass ware and media Auto-destruct syringes: specimen collection Bijou bottle: a cylindrical small glass bottle with a screw cap used as a culture medium holder Biosafety cabinet: used to work with dangerous organisms and to work sterile Blood collection bottle: to collect blood by venipuncture: Brittany
Bergmann used a number of methods of disinfection and sterilisation, which Schimmelbusch documented and formalised. He referred to the equipment and methods used as the "aseptic apparatus", and in 1892, published Anleitung zur aseptischen Wundbehandlung ("Guide to the aseptic treatment of wounds"), which became a seminal work on the subject. In ...
Heat treatment can be used for disinfection and sterilization. [42] The phrase "sunlight is the best disinfectant" was popularized in 1913 by United States Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis [43] and later advocates of government transparency.
Sterilization of medical and pharmaceutical goods. [4] Nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing new areas in science and engineering. Radiation is early applied tool in this area; arrangement of atoms and ions has been performed using ion or electron beams for many years. New applications concern nanocluster and nanocomposites synthesis. [5]