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Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group. It is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries. The conjugate base of lactic acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion).
Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.
Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.
Undissociated lactic acid can cross the rumen wall to the blood, [29] where it dissociates, lowering blood pH. Both L and D isomers of lactic acid are produced in the rumen; [24] these isomers are metabolized by different metabolic pathways, and activity of the principal enzyme involved in metabolism of the D isomer declines greatly with lower ...
Pyruvate is the terminal electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation. When sufficient oxygen is not present in the muscle cells for further oxidation of pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by reduction of pyruvate to lactate. [4] Lactate is converted to pyruvate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. [3]
In addition to Cori Cycle, the lactate shuttle hypothesis proposes complementary functions of lactate in multiple tissues. Contrary to the long-held belief that lactate is formed as a result of oxygen-limited metabolism, substantial evidence exists that suggests lactate is formed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as a result of substrate supply and equilibrium dynamics.
Lactate inflection point (LIP) is the exercise intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate and/or lactic acid begins to increase rapidly. [1] It is often expressed as 85% of maximum heart rate or 75% of maximum oxygen intake. [ 2 ]
Ammonium lactate is a compound with formula NH 4 (C 2 H 4 (OH)COO). It is the ammonium salt of lactic acid. It has mild anti-bacterial properties. It has E number "E328" and is the active ingredient of the skin lotions Amlactin and Lac-Hydrin. [1] Ammonium lactate is the chemical combination of lactic acid and ammonium hydroxide.