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A balise (/ b ə ˈ l iː z / bə-LEEZ) is an electronic beacon or transponder placed between the rails of a railway as part of an automatic train protection (ATP) system. The French word balise is used to distinguish these beacons from other kinds of beacons.
A Eurobalise is a specific type of a balise installed between the rails of a railway. Eurobalises are part of the European train control system (ETCS) . The balises are pre-programmed and contain information that is read by train antennas.
The specification was written in 1996 in response to EU Council Directive 96/48/EC99 [5] of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system. . First the European Railway Research Institute was instructed to formulate the specification and about the same time the ERTMS User Group was formed from six railway operators that took over the lead role in the specificat
The decision to implement this technology was made at the beginning of the 1990s following accidents such as the Flaujac crash in 1985 [2] and the 1991 Melun rail crash. Every locomotive unit on the French national railway network, except those that operate connected to other locomotives, must be equipped with this system. More than 5,000 ...
In 1906, the Great Western Railway in the UK developed a system known as "automatic train control". In modern terminology, GWR ATC is classified as an automatic warning system (AWS). This was an intermittent train protection system that relied on an electrically energised (or unenergised) rail between, and higher than, the running rails.
TPWS was developed by British Rail and its successor Railtrack, following a determination in 1994 that British Rail's Automatic Train Protection system was not economical, costing £600,000,000 equivalent to £979,431,929 in 2019 to implement, compared to value in lives saved: £3-£4 million (4,897,160 - 6,529,546 in 2019), per life saved, which was estimated to be 2.9 per year.
Transmission balise-locomotive (Dutch: Transmissie Baken Locomotief; TBL; English: "Beacon-to-Locomotive Transmission") is a train protection system used in Belgium and (until 2021) on Hong Kong's East Rail line.
ZUB balise along with Integra-Signum magnets in the Swiss ZUB 121 system rail coupling coil in the Danish ZUB 123 system. The ZUB 1xx system is a family of train protection systems produced by Siemens.