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Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, [1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [8] It is a short-acting β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle . [ 8 ]
Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol, sold under the brand name Combivent among others, is a combination medication used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [1] [4] [5] It contains ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and salbutamol (albuterol, a β 2-adrenergic agonist). [1] Common side effects include sore throat, muscle cramps, and ...
A 2013 systematic review of the drug's use as a treatment for acute asthma found that it "was not superior to albuterol regarding efficacy and safety in subjects with acute asthma." The review concluded: "We suggest that levalbuterol should not be used over albuterol for acute asthma." [2] Levalbuterol is notably more costly. [4] [5]
Clenbuterol is approved for use in some countries as a bronchodilator for asthma. [medical citation needed]Clenbuterol is a β 2 agonist with some structural and pharmacological similarities to epinephrine and salbutamol, but its effects are more potent and longer-lasting as a stimulant and thermogenic drug.
Additionally, some psychostimulant drugs that have an amphetamine like mode of action, such as amphetamine, [6] methamphetamine, and cocaine, [7] have bronchodilating effects and were used often for asthma due to the lack of effective β 2-adrenergic agonists for use as bronchodilator, but are now rarely, if ever, used medically for their ...
Reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agents such as physostigmine can be used as an antidote in life-threatening cases. Wider use is discouraged due to the significant side effects related to cholinergic excess including seizures, muscle weakness, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, salivation, bronchorrhea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
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